natural disasters in India

NATURAL DISASTERS:

From the starting , humans have been at the mercy of nature. Various natural phenomenon like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, floods and droughts have been affected them and have resulted in widespread destruction of the life and property. 

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATURAL HAZARD AND NATURAL DISASTER: 

Natural phenomena is the thing which can be occur at any place and at any time. All of them do nit acquires such disastrous proportions. 

A natural hazard is any of the natural occurrence that is infrequent and such dangerous posing a threat of life and property for humans. All human hazards , however are not so that much harmful as to cause large scale destruction. 

Thus, the natural hazards become natural disasters depending upon all of their location and intensity. 

Most of the natural hazards always occur at some of the regular intervals and can be predicted, for example , annual floods and then the occurrence of some of the tropical cyclones in the retreating of monsoon season. 

In such cases, some of the warning can help in timely evacuation of the people and livestock from low- lying and some of the coastal areas. 

Some of the natural hazards are, however , some of the difficult to the predictable and they also catch the people unawares, like earthquake, and volcanic eruptions. 

CATEGORIES OF NATURAL HAZARDS: 

According to their origin, some of the natural hazards can be divided into two categories- — geologically hazards and weather associated hazards. 

Geological Hazard: 

Natural hazards that are being caused due to such geological disturbances are called geological hazards. 

for example: earthquake, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and avalanches. 

Of these, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that can be entirely natural in origin, which landslides and avalanches that can be occur due to a combination of some natural forces and human activites. 

-Weather-associated hazards: 

Natural hazards that cam be caused due to some of the dramatic changes in weather conditions are called weather associated hazards. 

They always occur frequently but are less devastating as compared to the geological hazards. 

GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS: 

EARTHQUAKES: 

The sudden vibrations inside the Earth's crust that can be causing a part of the Earth's surface to shake are called an earthquake. 

The point inside the Earth, where the vibrations originate is called the seismic focus. The point on the Earth's surface which is directly above all of that focus is called epicenter of the earthquake. 

This place experiences the most damage during an earthquake. The instrument which can be records and always measure that the vibrations of an earthquake is called seismograph. 

The magnitude or the intensity of an earthquake is always measured by the Richter Scale. 

CAUSES:- 

Earthquake are always caused be the internal forces of the Earth, like some of the movement of tectonic plate. 

They may also occur at the time of some of the volcanic eruptions. 

DESTRUCTION: 

Earthquakes always being caused by the widespread damage and destruction. 

Building collapse and people tab always die under the ruined structures. Roads always get cracked and railways lines get buckled and get twisted, disrupting transportation. 

Some of the electric wires get dislocated causing some of the fires to break out. Sometimes many of the courses of rivers are disturbed resulting in the occurrence of such floods. 

In some of the mountains areas landslides are caused. In coastal regions, huge destructive sea waves, called tsunamis, often submerge vast areas. 

In the high risk areas  earthquake resistant buildings need to be constructed. 

Some of that existing in the buildings need to be strengthened structurally. 

When an earthquake strikes, people who are indoors should moves under doorways or an heavy furniture like beds and tables. 

People who are outdoors should move away from buildings, trees and some of the electrical poles , to open areas. 

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS:

A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust through which some of the molten rocks that called magma, together with gases and most of the steam, that comes out on to the surface . 

The man that has been reaches the Earth's surface is called lava and the passage through which it travels is called a vent. 

In course of time, lava and many other materials like ash amd cinder, thrown out of a volcano, that accumulates around the opening and form a conical hill or some of the mountains. 

CAUSES: 

Volcanic eruptions occurs only when the molten matter in some of the interior of the Earth comes out through a hole  or a crack at some weak point on the Earth's crust. 

Sometimes rainwater or sea water enters through cracks on the Earth's surface and the heat in the interior of the Earth converts it into steam. 

While volcanic eruptions cannot be prevented, that we can certainly minimize that the risk posed by them. 

Most of the volcanoes give some of the prior warning before erupting. Therefore, precautionary measures and timely evacuation of the people residing in the nearby areas can save a lot of lives. 

LANDSLIDES AND AVALANCHES: 

The sudden movement of some of the large quantities of rocks and soil down a steep slope due to the forces of some of the gravity is called a landslides. 

It is very common in some if the hilly regions and a huge mass of snow and ice together with rock particles, rushing down a steep mountain slope is called an avalanche. 

CAUSES:-

Some of the mountain ranges are made up of unconsolidated sediments. When some of the loose rocks on these mountain slopes slide down due to heavy rains or gravity, landslide occurs. 

Buildings should not be constructed on some of the steep slopes.

If the construction becomes necessary , the appropriate building codes should be followed. 

Mining and quarrying on some of the mountains should be controlled. 

Deforestation should be checked. 

Farmers should be encouraged to insure some of their crops and also to take up some of the supplementary occupation, so that in the event of the drought they are better equipped to code with it.